Theodolite has many parts which needs to be adjusted every time while surveying. It is important to know about theodolite parts and their functions before using it to minimize errors during theodolite surveying.

Theodolite is an instrument used in surveying to measure horizontal and vertical angles. It is also used for leveling, indirect measure of distances and prolonging a line etc. The line of sight of theodolite can be rotated through 180^o in vertical plane about its horizontal axis.

Parts of Theodolite and their Functions

Following are the parts of a theodolite:

• Telescope
• Vertical circle
• Index frame
• The standards
• The upper plate
• The lower plate
• The leveling head
• The shifting head
• Plate level
• Tripod
• Plumb bob
• Magnetic compass

Telescope

A telescope is a focusing instrument which has object piece at one end and eye piece at the other end. It rotates about horizontal axis in vertical plane. The graduations are up to an accuracy of 20’.

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